Like fiction, drama features characters caught up in a plot. In fact, some plays have been based on novels and novels on plays. Yet, whereas the narrator of a novel can spend pages painting a picture of the story’s circumstances for the reader, a play is restricted to the space of the stage and the time frame of a couple of hours. What strategies are available to the playwright to ensure that the play successfully conveys its intended effects and themes?
To provide the story’s setting, a play requires sets. If you’ve ever been involved with a play, you know that the set can be made up of detailed backdrops, specifically designed props, strategic lighting, and sometimes even background noise. A set, along with the characters’ subtle indications of the scene, can generate a full setting in the audience’s imagination.
Another difference between fiction and drama is that usually a play’s plot is primarily forwarded through dialogue and action. Although a novel’s narrator can describe in detail the thoughts and impressions of its characters, a play’s effects depend much more heavily on what the characters say and do.
A play is a performance, a spectacle, rather than words on paper. Some plays do include a narrator or a chorus, to introduce the scene or set the tone of the play, but the bulk of the production’s effect is generated through the dialogue and its visual devices, and since the play’s script dictates what the characters will say and often, through stage direction, its production strategies as well, the script is crucial to a successful performance.
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Writer and playwright Lorraine Hansberry poses for a portrait in her apartment in 1959 in New York City. Photo by David Attie/Getty Images
Markel, H. (2019). How ‘Raisin in the Sun’ author Lorraine Hansberry defined what it meant to be ‘young, gifted and black. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/arts/how-lorraine-hansberry-defined-what-it-meant-to-be-young-gifted-and-black
A Raisin in the Sun by 
Henrik Ibsen. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0b42q58.
A Doll's House by Tennessee Williams, circa 1955. (FPG / Archive Photos / Getty Images)
Thomas Lanier Williams III, known by his pen name Tennessee Williams, was an American playwright and screenwriter. Along with contemporaries Eugene O'Neill and Arthur Miller, he is considered among the three foremost playwrights of 20th-century American drama
Tennessee Williams by 
Philip Allan Literature Guide (for A-Level): A Streetcar Named Desire by 
August Wilson's Fences by 
Doubt by 
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